<\/p>\n
\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4, \u75db\u82e6\u8d8a\u5927, \u798f\u7949\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u53e4\u8bed\uff1a\u5929\u5c06\u964d\u5927\u4efb\u4e8e\u65af\u4eba\u4e5f, \u5fc5\u5148\u82e6\u5176\u5fc3\u5fd7, \u52b3\u5176\u7b4b\u9aa8, \u997f\u5176\u4f53\u80a4, \u7a7a\u4e4f\u5176\u8eab, \u884c\u62c2\u4e71\u5176\u6240\u4e3a\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u627f\u53d7\u75db\u82e6, \u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4ece\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1, \u5e78\u798f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u89c2\u611f\u53d7, \u4e0e\u75db\u82e6\u76f8\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002\u5f53\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u3001\u613f\u671b\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u79ef\u6781\u60c5\u611f\u591a\u4e8e\u6d88\u6781\u60c5\u611f, \u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e4b\u800c\u5e78\u798f\u3002\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8c61\u5f81, \u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u751f\u5b58\u4e8e\u4e16\u7684\u4f53\u73b0, \u6fc0\u52b1\u4e2a\u4f53\u8bbe\u7acb\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u884c\u52a8\u3001\u5b8c\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b, \u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5, \u4e5f\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u8ffd\u6c42\u53d6\u5411\u3002\u5e78\u798f\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u770b\u91cd\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\u548c\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3;\u800c\u610f\u4e49\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5219\u91cd\u89c6\u4eba\u751f\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4ef7\u503c,\u4ed6\u4eec\u7acb\u8db3\u8fc7\u53bb\u5e76\u7740\u773c\u5c06\u6765,\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fc7\u5ea6\u53d7\u56f0\u4e8e\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u8d1f\u6027\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5e78\u798f\u4e0e\u610f\u4e49\u4e24\u79cd\u8ffd\u6c42\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u660e\u663e,\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5374\u5341\u5206\u5bc6\u5207\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u5f80\u5e78\u798f\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u611f\u53d7, \u5f3a\u8c03\u5feb\u4e50\u548c\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5bf9\u5e78\u798f\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u6df1, \u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e0d\u518d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c06\u5e78\u798f\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u89c2\u611f\u53d7, \u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8861\u91cf\u4eba\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u5e94\u8be5\u4ece\u66f4\u52a0\u7efc\u5408\u3001\u66f4\u52a0\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8fdb\u884c, \u5e78\u798f\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u3002\u5176\u4e2d, \u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5efa\u6784\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u610f\u4e49\u5206\u4e3a\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6, \u5148\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb, \u5374\u8f83\u4e3a\u5ffd\u89c6\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u4e0e\u4e3b\u89c2\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u7684\u6b63\u5411\u5173\u7cfb\u5df2\u88ab\u8bf8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9e, \u7136\u800c, \u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0, \u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u5374\u662f\u8d1f\u5411\u5173\u7cfb\u3002Baumeister, Vohs, Aaker\u548cGarbinsky (2013)\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u538b\u529b\u3001\u7126\u8651\u3001\u75db\u82e6\u7b49\u6d88\u6781\u4f53\u9a8c\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173, \u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d1f\u6027\u4f53\u9a8c\u5374\u662f\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u9762\u3002\u90a3\u4e48, \u8003\u8651\u5230\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u8fd9\u5c42\u6d88\u6781\u6027\u8d28, \u5c06\u610f\u4e49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5efa\u6784\u4e4b\u4e00\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64, \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u524d\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u63a2\u8ba8\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb, \u8fdb\u800c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5b81\u613f\u627f\u53d7\u75db\u82e6, \u4e5f\u8981\u8ffd\u6c42\u610f\u4e49\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u5e78\u798f\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00, \u65e9\u5728\u51e0\u5343\u5e74\u524d, \u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4eec\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u5e78\u798f\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u6027\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u73b0\u5728, \u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e5f\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u5176\u4e2d, \u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u5e78\u798f\u91cf\u5316, \u5982\u6d4b\u91cf\u4eba\u5bf9\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u611f\u53d7\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5Diener, Emmons, Larsen\u548cGriffin (1985)\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u91cf\u8868(Satisfaction with Life Scale)\u4e0eLyubomirsky\u548cLepper (1999)\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u91cf\u8868(Subjective Happiness Scale)\u6700\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027 (Diener et al., 1985; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999)\u3002\u751f\u6d3b\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6(Satisfaction with Life)\u548c\u4e3b\u89c2\u5e78\u798f\u611f(Subjective Well-being)\u662f\u8bc4\u5224\u4eba\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u6807, \u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u5feb\u4e50\u548c\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3; \u5b83\u4eec\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4eba\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u8fc7\u53bb\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u603b\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u770b\u6cd5, \u662f\u4eba\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u6d3b\u72b6\u51b5\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u8bc4\u4ef7; \u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027, \u4f46\u4e5f\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u73b0\u72b6\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u968f\u7740\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6df1\u5316, \u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u9010\u6e10\u610f\u8bc6\u5230, \u5e78\u798f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6240\u6307\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5bbd\u6cdb, \u610f\u4e49\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6a21\u7cca, \u65e2\u96be\u4ee5\u7740\u624b\u7814\u7a76, \u800c\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u6ee5\u7528\u3002\u4e8e\u662f, \u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u5c06\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u8f6c\u5411\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6784\u5efa, \u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e78\u798f\u5e94\u8be5\u6e90\u4e8e\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6bd4\u5982, \u610f\u4e49\u3001\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5bf9\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6295\u5165\u3001\u5bf9\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u638c\u63a7\u611f\u3001\u79ef\u6781\u4e50\u89c2\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u7b49\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5e78\u798f\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5Keyes\u548cHaidt (2003)\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5fc3\u76db(Flourishing)\u7406\u8bba\u548cSeligman (2012)\u7684\u65b0\u4e66\u300aFlourish\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684PERMA\u7ed3\u6784\u6700\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027(Keyes & Haidt, 2003; Seligman, 2012)\u3002Keyes (2002, 2007)\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u5fc3\u76db(Flourish)\u6307\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u611f, \u80fd\u4ee5\u79ef\u6781\u6001\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5f85\u751f\u6d3b, \u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u529f\u80fd\u5b8c\u597d, \u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u5fc3\u7406\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u548c\u60c5\u7eea\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u7684\u7ed3\u5408, \u662f\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u5168\u9762\u7e41\u8363\u3002Fredrickson\u548cLosada (2005)\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u5fc3\u76db\u6307\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u7686\u5904\u4e8e\u6700\u4f73\u72b6\u6001, \u5fc3\u76db\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u54c1\u884c\u3001\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u6210\u957f\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u97e7\u6027\u3002Seligman\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79ef\u6781\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\u5e78\u798f, \u800c\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u5fc3\u76db(Flourishing); \u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa, \u5fc3\u76db\u5177\u67095\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u6784, \u5206\u522b\u662f\u79ef\u6781\u60c5\u7eea(Positive emotion)\u3001\u6c89\u6d78\u4f53\u9a8c(Engagement)\u3001\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb(Relationships)\u3001\u610f\u4e49(Meaning)\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0(Achievement), \u7b80\u79f0PERMA (Seligman, 2012)\u3002Diener\u7b49(2010)\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5fc3\u76db\u91cf\u8868(Flourishing Scale)\u4e5f\u6db5\u76d6\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb(Relationships)\u3001\u610f\u4e49(Meaning)\u3001\u6c89\u6d78\u4f53\u9a8c(Engagement)\u3001\u638c\u63a7\u6027(Mastery)\u3001\u4e50\u89c2\u6027(Optimism)\u7b495\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762, \u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u4ece\u8fd95\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u4eba\u7684\u5e78\u798f(Diener et al., 2010)\u3002\u53ef\u89c1, \u5fc3\u76db\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u3001\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u6307\u6807, \u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bf9\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u65b0\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7eb5\u89c2\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5386\u7a0b, \u5e78\u798f\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u5230\u91cf\u5316\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5, \u73b0\u5728\u9010\u6e10\u8fdb\u5165\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u4ece\u5fc3\u76db\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1, Seligman, Ryff\u548cDiener\u7b49\u4eba\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5efa\u6784\u4e4b\u4e00(Seligman, 2012; Ryff, 1989; Ryff & Singer, 2008; Diener et al., 2010)\u3002Seligman\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u4eba\u4f1a\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e8b\u7269\u610f\u4e49, \u5e76\u613f\u610f\u53bb\u4e3a\u5176\u6295\u5165\u548c\u8d21\u732e, \u4eba\u56e0\u4e4b\u800c\u5e78\u798f\u3002Ryff\u548cDiener\u5219\u5c06\u610f\u4e49\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u751f\u6d3b\u76ee\u6807, \u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e78\u798f\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5, \u4f46\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u540c, \u610f\u4e49\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u54f2\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u5e78\u798f\u5206\u4e3aHedonia\u548cEudaimonia\u4e24\u7c7b, \u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d6\u5411\u4e5f\u5927\u81f4\u5f52\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b(Ryan & Deci, 2001)\u3002Huta (2013)\u8ba4\u4e3a, Hedonia\u548cEudaimonia \u65e2\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e2a\u4f53\u5f53\u4e0b\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5e78\u798f\u72b6\u51b5, \u4e5f\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u8ffd\u6c42\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u53d6\u5411\u3002\u4eba\u66f4\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u54ea\u79cd\u5e78\u798f\u53d6\u5411\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5176\u5185\u5728\u7684\u771f\u6211\u4ee5\u53ca\u957f\u671f\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5bf9\u5f85\u5916\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u5e78\u798f\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002Hedonia\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bfb\u6c42\u5feb\u4e50\u548c\u8212\u9002, \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6109\u60a6\u3001\u4eab\u4e50\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002Hedonia\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u9075\u5faa\u4eab\u4e50\u4e3b\u4e49, \u8ffd\u6c42\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06Hedonia \u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5feb\u4e50\u5e78\u798f\u201d\u3002Eudaimonia\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2a\u4f53\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u6027\u3001\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u6210\u957f\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u72ec\u7acb\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762, \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u53d6\u5411\u3002Eudaimonia\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e78\u798f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5173\u7cfb, \u53d1\u6325\u81ea\u6211\u4ef7\u503c, \u8fc7\u7740\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002Robinson (1989)\u5c06Eudaimonia\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201cHuman Flourishing\u201d, \u672c\u6587\u5c06Eudaimonia \u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5fc3\u76db\u5e78\u798f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
Eudaimonia\u548cHedonia\u90fd\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u548c\u4e3b\u89c2\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u663e\u8457\u6b63\u76f8\u5173, \u4f46Hedonia\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u548c\u4e3b\u89c2\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u7684\u6b63\u5411\u8054\u7cfb\u66f4\u7d27\u5bc6(Huta & Ryan, 2010)\u3002\u4e0eEudaimonia\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u76f8\u6bd4, Hedonia\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u60c5\u611f, \u4ed6\u4eec\u91cd\u89c6\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u5e78\u798f, \u8ffd\u6c42\u5feb\u4e50\u548c\u79ef\u6781\u4f53\u9a8c, \u907f\u514d\u8d1f\u6027\u60c5\u611f\u3002\u800cEudaimonia\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc, \u81ea\u6211\u6210\u957f\u7ecf\u5386\u66f4\u591a, \u4e5f\u66f4\u6709\u6d3b\u529b; \u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u91cd\u957f\u671f\u7684\u5e78\u798f, \u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u8ffd\u6c42\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u6211\u4ef7\u503c(Fave, Brdar, Freire, Vella-Brodrick, & Wissing, 2011)\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6Epicurus\u5c06Eudaimonia\u4e0e\u63a2\u6c42\u4eba\u751f\u610f\u4e49\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77, \u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u63a2\u6c42\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97Eudaimonia, \u800c\u63a2\u6c42\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u7ecf\u53d7\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u65e8\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u7684Eudaimonia (Purinton, 1993)\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0, Eudaimonia\u53d6\u5411\u8005\u7684\u663e\u8457\u7279\u5f81\u662f, \u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u91cd\u89c6\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0(Ryan & Deci, 2001; Huta & Ryan, 2010)\u3002Eudaimonia\u4e0eHedonia\u7684\u5173\u952e\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d, \u5f53\u4e2a\u4f53\u7ecf\u5386\u7126\u8651\u3001\u70e6\u607c\u548c\u538b\u529b\u7b49\u8d1f\u6027\u4f53\u9a8c\u65f6, \u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u4ece\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63a5\u7eb3\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d1f\u6027\u4f53\u9a8c, \u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002Baumeister\u7b49(2013)\u53d1\u73b0, \u76f8\u6bd4\u4eab\u4e50\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53, \u610f\u4e49\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8d1f\u6027\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b, \u4eba\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u610f\u4e49, \u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u5f53\u4e0b\u5e78\u798f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7, \u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u4e49\u65e0\u53cd\u987e\u3002\u4eceEudaimonia\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\uff1a\u610f\u4e49\u53d6\u5411\u8005\u5c06\u610f\u4e49\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5e78\u798f, \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u8bb8\u591a\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u632b\u6298, \u4f46\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u75db\u5e76\u5feb\u4e50\u7740, \u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u56e0\u8fbe\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u610f\u4e49\u800c\u611f\u5230\u5185\u5728\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u8d1f\u6027\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u7ecf\u5386, \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6765\u8bf4, \u8d1f\u6027\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0e\u79ef\u6781\u4f53\u9a8c\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8d1f\u6027\u4f53\u9a8c\u4f7f\u4eba\u66f4\u654f\u9510\u5730\u611f\u77e5\u4e8b\u7269\u548c\u66f4\u7406\u6027\u5730\u601d\u8003, \u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4eba\u59a5\u5584\u5904\u7406\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u95ee\u9898, \u5e76\u5f15\u5bfc\u4eba\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u6b63\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u5df1\u771f\u6b63\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48, \u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u8ba4\u6e05\u81ea\u8eab\u4ef7\u503c\u53ca\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49(Meaning in Life)\u6700\u521d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5, \u9996\u5148\u5c06\u5176\u5f15\u5165\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u662fFrankl, \u4ed6\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002Frankl\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u4e8c\u6218\u65f6\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u8457\u6709\u300aMan\u2019s Searching for Meaning\u300b\u4e00\u4e66(Frankl, 1992)\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u8bfe\u9898\u4ece\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u5f15\u5165\u5230\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u9886\u57df, \u662f\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u7814\u7a76\u8d70\u5411\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891(\u7a0b\u660e\u660e, \u6a0a\u5bcc\u73c9, 2010)\u3002\u968f\u7740\u79ef\u6781\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5174\u8d77, \u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u56e0\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u800c\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u5230\u79ef\u6781\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8303\u7574, \u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u53d7\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u91cd\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b8f\u89c2\u5730\u8bf4, \u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4eba\u957f\u8fdc\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6307\u5411, \u5e76\u7ed9\u4eba\u65b9\u5411\u611f\u548c\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u52a8\u529b, \u5b83\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4ef7\u503c, \u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5fae\u89c2\u5730\u8bf4, \u5b83\u662f\u4eba\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u800c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u76ee\u6807, \u5177\u6709\u52a8\u673a\u4f5c\u7528, \u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002Frankl (1992)\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u6307\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u547d\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002Reker (2000)\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a, \u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5, \u6fc0\u52b1\u4e2a\u4f53\u8ffd\u5bfb\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u76ee\u6807, \u5e76\u4f34\u968f\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u611f\u3002Snyder\u548cLopez (2009)\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5, \u5b83\u662f\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u539f\u7531, \u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9, \u5e76\u8d4b\u4e88\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u611f\u548c\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5404\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c, \u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0, \u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00, \u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u610f\u4e49\u4f53\u73b0\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u76ee\u6807, \u4eba\u80fd\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u81ea\u8eab\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u4ef7\u503c, \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53c8\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c, \u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9a6c\u65af\u6d1b\u7684\u9700\u8981\u5c42\u6b21\u7406\u8bba, \u4eba\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u9700\u8981\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u4e49, \u5b83\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u65ad\u6210\u957f\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u52a8\u673a, \u6fc0\u52b1\u5176\u8bbe\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u4ed8\u8bf8\u884c\u52a8\u3001\u5b8c\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09, \u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53, \u4eba\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u52a8\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u610f\u4e49\u5177\u6709\u6fc0\u52b1\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4f5c\u7528, \u800c\u884c\u52a8\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u610f\u4e49\u5e76\u4f7f\u4eba\u5728\u539f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0, \u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u4eba\u751f\u76ee\u6807, \u5177\u6709\u52a8\u529b\u4f5c\u7528, \u5e76\u4f53\u73b0\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
Steger\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u603b\u7ed3\u5df2\u6709\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a, \u63d0\u51fa\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u5e94\u5305\u62ec\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42(Search for Meaning)\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709(Presence of Meaning)\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6, \u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u4e24\u8005\u5206\u5272\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u6307\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e3b\u52a8\u5efa\u7acb\u6216\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7406\u89e3, \u5e76\u5bfb\u6c42\u548c\u63a2\u7d22\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49, \u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6269\u5c55; \u800c\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u5219\u6307\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u5f53\u4e0b\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u6216\u751f\u6d3b\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5, \u5177\u6709\u5bfc\u5411\u548c\u52a8\u673a\u4f5c\u7528(Steger, Frazier, Oishi, & Kaler, 2006; Steger, Kashdan, Sullivan, & Lorentz, 2008; Steger, Kawabata, Shimai, & Otake, 2008)\u3002<\/p>\n
\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u65e2\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56(Steger, Kashdan et al., 2008), \u4e5f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb(Steger, Kawabata et al., 2008)\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00, \u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u662f\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7ef4\u5ea6\u548c\u4e3b\u89c2\u8868\u73b0, \u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u89c2\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d, \u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u3002\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u662f\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u7ef4\u5ea6, \u4f53\u73b0\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5f53\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u8f83\u4f4e\u65f6, \u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e3b\u8981\u7ecf\u7531\u8ba4\u77e5\u6d3b\u52a8\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0; \u4eba\u6295\u5165\u5fc3\u7406\u8d44\u6e90, \u901a\u8fc7\u8ba4\u77e5\u52aa\u529b\u63a2\u5bfb\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5f53\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u8f83\u9ad8\u65f6, \u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u610f\u4e49, \u4eba\u9700\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u5b9e\u65bd\u884c\u52a8\u3001\u514b\u670d\u56f0\u96be\u3001\u5b8c\u6210\u76ee\u6807, \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u540c\u8ba4\u77e5\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u4e2a\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff1a\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u50cf\u540d\u4eba, \u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u540d\u4eba\u4ee4\u4eba\u7fa1\u6155\u7684\u5149\u9c9c\u4eae\u4e3d\u7684\u4e00\u9762, \u800c\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u5219\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u540d\u4eba\u80cc\u540e\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e0e\u8270\u8f9b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u4e0e\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u662f\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7ef4\u5ea6, \u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u6709\u7740\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u660e, \u4eba\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u4e0e\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u9996\u5148, \u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u6307\u6807\u3002Reker (2001)\u53d1\u73b0, \u5728\u63a7\u5236\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\u53d8\u91cf\u540e, \u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u8001\u5e74\u4eba14\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u3002\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0e\u75b2\u52b3\u3001\u75bc\u75db\u3001\u7126\u8651\u7b49\u8eab\u5fc3\u75c7\u72b6\u663e\u8457\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173, \u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u4ef7\u503c\u611f\u3001\u81ea\u5c0a\u7b49\u663e\u8457\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u6b64\u5916, \u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0e\u79ef\u6781\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u5747\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6b63\u76f8\u5173, \u800c\u4e0e\u4f24\u5fc3\u3001\u6291\u90c1\u7b49\u6d88\u6781\u60c5\u7eea\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173(Steger, Kawabata et al., 2008; Steger, Frazier, & Zacchanini, 2008)\u3002Zika\u548cChamberlain (1987)\u8003\u5bdf\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u683c\u53d8\u91cf(\u63a7\u5236\u70b9\u3001\u81ea\u4fe1\u548c\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49)\u5bf9\u538b\u529b\u4e0e\u4e3b\u89c2\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd, \u53d1\u73b0\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u5bf9\u4e3b\u89c2\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u7684\u6b63\u5411\u9884\u6d4b\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u683c\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0, \u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u662f\u6291\u90c1\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8bf1\u56e0; \u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u9762\u5bf9\u538b\u529b\u65f6\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u653e\u5f03\u52aa\u529b, \u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u7a7a\u865a\u3001\u538c\u70e6\u548c\u65e0\u52a9\u611f; \u4ed6\u4eec\u6613\u53d7\u632b\u6298, \u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6291\u90c1\u3001\u7126\u8651\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u6ee5\u7528, \u5bf9\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u66f4\u591a, \u4e5f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u81ea\u6740(Wilchek-Aviad, 2015)\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u751f\u547d\u5bcc\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u65f6, \u4eba\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u60c5\u611f\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc, \u4e3b\u89c2\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u66f4\u9ad8; \u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6295\u5165\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c, \u4eab\u53d7\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5feb\u4e50, \u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u611f\u77e5\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u8fd8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7f13\u89e3\u5fc3\u7406\u521b\u4f24\u548c\u538b\u529b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd, \u80fd\u6291\u5236\u5065\u5eb7\u98ce\u9669\u884c\u4e3a, \u8c03\u8282\u5e94\u6fc0\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u8d1f\u6027\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898, \u5e76\u5177\u6709\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u5f71\u54cd\u3002Steger, Frazier\u7b49\u4eba(2008)\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u201c9\u00b711\u201d\u6050\u6016\u88ad\u51fb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u201c3\u00b711\u201d\u9a6c\u5fb7\u91cc\u7206\u70b8\u6848\u540e\u5bf9\u4e24\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u67e5, \u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u521b\u4f24\u66b4\u9732\u7a0b\u5ea6\u540e, \u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u5bf9\u521b\u4f24\u540e\u5e94\u6fc0\u969c\u788d(PTSD)\u6709\u8d1f\u5411\u9884\u6d4b\u4f5c\u7528, \u5bf9\u521b\u4f24\u540e\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6210\u957f\u8f6c\u53d8\u6709\u6b63\u5411\u9884\u6d4b\u4f5c\u7528; \u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u8d8a\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba, \u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u521b\u4f24\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\u6062\u590d\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u5f97\u8d8a\u597d\u3002\u6b64\u5916, King, Hicks, Krull\u548cDel Gaiso (2006)\u53d1\u73b0, \u79ef\u6781\u60c5\u7eea\u4f1a\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u53bb\u611f\u77e5\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49, \u5e76\u589e\u52a0\u4eba\u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u79ef\u6781\u60c5\u7eea\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u7684, \u610f\u4e49\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u79ef\u6781\u60c5\u611f, \u540c\u6837\u79ef\u6781\u60c5\u611f\u4e5f\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73(\u5f20\u59dd\u73a5, \u8bb8\u71d5, \u6768\u6d69\u94ff, 2010)\u3002<\/p>\n
\u603b\u4e4b, \u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u8054\u7cfb, \u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u9ad8\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e3b\u89c2\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u90fd\u66f4\u9ad8, \u79ef\u6781\u60c5\u7eea\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e5f\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u80fd\u7ed9\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u5e0c\u671b\u611f\u548c\u65b9\u5411\u611f, \u5f53\u4eba\u906d\u53d7\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u632b\u6298\u65f6, \u660e\u786e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u575a\u6301\u884c\u4e3a, \u5e76\u6fc0\u52b1\u4eba\u671d\u7740\u79ef\u6781\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u53ef\u89c1, \u62e5\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u8ba9\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u5e78\u798f, \u8fd8\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5176\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u7684\u7ef4\u6301\u548c\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762, \u9ad8\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u9ad8, \u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a, \u9ad8\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u5efa\u6784\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf, \u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u66f4\u52a0\u654f\u611f, \u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u5347\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u9ad8\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5584\u4e8e\u4ece\u5bfb\u5e38\u4e8b\u7269\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u610f\u4e49, \u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u7eb3\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf, \u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e, \u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4e92\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n
\u63a2\u8ba8\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u4e0e\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb, \u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u53d7\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u52a8\u673a\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5916, \u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u53d6\u5411\u6765\u63a2\u8ba8\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u5e78\u798f\u3002Frankl (1992)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8ffd\u6c42\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u9700\u8981, \u5b83\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u79ef\u6781\u4e50\u89c2\u5730\u53bb\u5bf9\u5f85\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d, \u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u5f00\u62d3\u65b0\u65b9\u5411, \u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u6211\u6539\u53d8\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u673a\u4f1a, \u4ece\u800c\u4e30\u5bcc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u610f\u4e49, \u63d0\u5347\u5e78\u798f\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u5e78\u798f\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0, \u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u60b2\u4f24\u3001\u6124\u6012\u3001\u6291\u90c1\u7b49\u8d1f\u6027\u60c5\u7eea\u6b63\u76f8\u5173, \u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u3001\u79ef\u6781\u60c5\u7eea\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173(Steger, Kawabata et al., 2008; Park, Park, & Peterson, 2010; Baumeister et al., 2013)\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u67093\u70b9\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00, \u7f3a\u5931\u610f\u4e49\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u65f6, \u4eba\u503e\u5411\u589e\u52a0\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6, \u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f5c\u7528, \u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u7684\u964d\u4f4e, \u56e0\u6b64\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c, \u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u6d89\u53ca\u5fc3\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6295\u5165, \u8fc7\u5ea6\u8ffd\u6c42\u548c\u63a2\u7d22\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6295\u5165\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8d44\u6e90, \u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u4ea7\u751f\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5e76\u4e14, \u6301\u7eed\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u906d\u9047\u5230\u963b\u788d\u6216\u56f0\u5883, \u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c06\u6709\u635f\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09, \u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u52a8\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0, \u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u8fc7\u7a0b, \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d, \u4e2a\u4f53\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u906d\u9047\u75db\u82e6\u3001\u632b\u6298\u548c\u9006\u5883, \u5e76\u56e0\u4e4b\u5bfc\u81f4\u884c\u52a8\u53d7\u963b\u6216\u504f\u79bb, \u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u6c34\u5e73\u964d\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u4e0e\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u751f\u6d3b\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6709\u663e\u8457\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528(\u6731\u6d77\u817e, \u59da\u5c0f\u96ea, 2015)\u3002Cohen\u548cCairns (2012)\u53d1\u73b0, \u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u4e3b\u89c2\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173, \u4f46\u662f\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u548c\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8d77\u5230\u6b63\u5411\u8c03\u8282\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4, \u5982\u679c\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u8f83\u9ad8, \u5373\u4f7f\u5176\u8ffd\u6c42\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8fc7\u9ad8, \u5e78\u798f\u611f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e; \u800c\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u610f\u4e49\u65f6\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u3002Steger, Oishi\u548cKesebir (2011)\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u4f5c\u7528\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u4e8e\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53, \u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u6216\u610f\u4e49\u7f3a\u4e4f\u800c\u9677\u5165\u75db\u82e6; \u4f46\u968f\u7740\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8, \u65e0\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\u4e2a\u4f53\u90fd\u4f1a\u62e5\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u3002\u6b64\u5916, Steger\u7b49(2011)\u53d1\u73b0, \u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4eba\u8d4b\u4e88\u6b63\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u610f\u4e49, \u5e76\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u7406\u6e05\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8ffd\u6c42\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u4e0e\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd, \u4e24\u8005\u662f\u5faa\u73af\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\u5173\u7cfb\u3002Park\u7b49(2010)\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e24\u8005\u4f1a\u76f8\u4e92\u589e\u5f3a\u3002\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528, \u4e2a\u4f53\u79ef\u6781\u8ffd\u6c42\u610f\u4e49\u65f6, \u5176\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u662f\u4fee\u6b63\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u4eba\u751f\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u57fa\u7840, \u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u6731\u6d77\u817e\u548c\u59da\u5c0f\u96ea(2015)\u6309\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u5f97\u5206\u5c06\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u9ad8\u8ffd\u6c42\u7ec4\u548c\u4f4e\u8ffd\u6c42\u7ec4, \u5206\u522b\u8003\u5bdf\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u5bf9\u6291\u90c1\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u8ffd\u6c42\u7ec4, \u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u5bf9\u6291\u90c1\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u529b\u4e0d\u663e\u8457, \u4f46\u5728\u4f4e\u8ffd\u6c42\u7ec4, \u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u5bf9\u6291\u90c1\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u8d1f\u5411\u9884\u6d4b\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u5bf9\u6291\u90c1\u7b49\u8d1f\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u4e5f\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u53d7\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u5916, \u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u8981\u8fd8\u53d7\u5230\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002Steger, Kawabata\u7b49(2008)\u7684\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0, \u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u88ab\u8bd5\u76f8\u6bd4, \u7f8e\u56fd\u88ab\u8bd5\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u66f4\u9ad8, \u4f46\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u6c34\u5e73\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762, \u4e24\u56fd\u88ab\u8bd5\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u62e5\u6709\u4e0e\u4e3b\u89c2\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u90fd\u663e\u8457\u6b63\u76f8\u5173; \u7136\u800c, \u7f8e\u56fd\u88ab\u8bd5\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0e\u4e3b\u89c2\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u663e\u8457\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173, \u65e5\u672c\u88ab\u8bd5\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u4e3b\u89c2\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u5374\u65e0\u663e\u8457\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u540c\u6837, \u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e3a\u88ab\u8bd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0, \u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u6216\u65e0\u76f8\u5173(\u5218\u601d\u65af, \u7518\u6021\u7fa4, 2010; \u738b\u5b5f\u6210, \u6234\u6653\u9633, 2008)\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a, \u4e1c\u3001\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u6b27\u7f8e\u4eba\u6ce8\u91cd\u903b\u8f91\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u7406\u6027\u601d\u7ef4, \u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u4ece\u5b9e\u9645\u51fa\u53d1\u6765\u8003\u8651\u95ee\u9898, \u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u89c6\u4e3a\u8d39\u5fc3\u8d39\u529b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8fc7\u7a0b, \u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u75db\u82e6\u3001\u632b\u6298\u7b49\u8d1f\u6027\u4f53\u9a8c\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u800c\u4e1c\u65b9\u4eba\u5219\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u4ece\u611f\u6027\u548c\u6574\u4f53\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u601d\u8003\u95ee\u9898, \u610f\u4e49\u5bf9\u4e1c\u65b9\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u79ef\u6781\u6982\u5ff5, \u5bf9\u79ef\u6781\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5e78\u798f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64, \u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0, \u867d\u7136\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53d7\u5230\u8bf8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd, \u4f46\u662f, \u5f53\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u65f6, \u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u8d1f\u5411\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4eba\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u610f\u4e49\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u8bb8\u591a\u6d88\u6781\u4f53\u9a8c, \u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e78\u798f\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u6d88\u6781\u8054\u7cfb, \u4f46\u662f, \u8fd9\u79cd\u6d88\u6781\u8054\u7cfb\u5374\u5177\u6709\u77ed\u6682\u6027\u548c\u53d8\u5316\u6027\u3002\u4eceEudaimonia\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b, \u8ffd\u6c42\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u6709\u76ca\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u76db\u5e78\u798f\u3002Baumeister (1991)\u63d0\u51fa, \u6709\u56db\u79cd\u9700\u8981\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e2a\u4f53\u53bb\u8ffd\u6c42\u610f\u4e49, \u5373\u83b7\u5f97\u76ee\u7684\u611f\u9700\u8981\u3001\u6f84\u6e05\u81ea\u6211\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u9700\u8981\u3001\u57f9\u517b\u6548\u80fd\u611f\u9700\u8981\u548c\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u4ef7\u503c\u9700\u8981\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u56db\u79cd\u9700\u8981, \u9700\u8981\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u6d88\u9664\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8d1f\u6027\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u6d88\u6781\u5f71\u54cd\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u5e78\u798f\u611f, \u8fd8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u6df1\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6b64\u5916, \u5c3d\u7ba1\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u8d1f\u6027\u4f53\u9a8c\u8054\u7cfb\u7d27\u5bc6, \u4f46\u8d1f\u6027\u4f53\u9a8c\u5e76\u975e\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u9762\u3002\u75db\u82e6\u4e0e\u78e8\u96be\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4eba\u5b66\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u5904\u7406\u6d88\u6781\u60c5\u7eea, \u4f7f\u4eba\u5bf9\u5b9e\u73b0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6709\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6, \u5e76\u80fd\u6df1\u5316\u4eba\u5bf9\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a, \u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u5fc5\u7531\u4e4b\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8ffd\u6c42\u610f\u4e49\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u5e78\u798f\u5417\uff1f\u4eceHedonia\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b, \u5e78\u798f\u662f\u5355\u7ef4\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u6982\u5ff5, \u4eba\u56e0\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\u548c\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u800c\u5e78\u798f; \u5018\u82e5\u4eba\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u8d1f\u6027\u4f53\u9a8c, \u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u5176\u5e78\u798f\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u7136\u800c, \u4eceEudaimonia\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b, \u5e78\u798f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u548c\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5, \u610f\u4e49\u662f\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d, Eudaimonia\u53d6\u5411\u8005\u80fd\u6b63\u89c6\u6240\u906d\u9047\u7684\u632b\u6298\u548c\u56f0\u96be, \u4e0d\u4ee5\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u611f\u53d7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc4\u5224\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u6807\u51c6, \u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u770b\u91cd\u901a\u8fc7\u610f\u4e49\u8ffd\u6c42\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u5b9e\u73b0\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5e78\u798f\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u6765\u770b, \u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u62e5\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u53d6\u5411, \u4f46\u662f, \u7531\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\u548c\u73af\u5883\u5dee\u5f02, \u67d0\u79cd\u53d6\u5411\u4f1a\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0, Hedonia\u548cEudaimonia\u5176\u5b9e\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u53d6\u5411\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u53d6\u5411\u3002\u5e78\u798f\u53d6\u5411\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u6027\u65b9\u9762, \u4ee5\u5e78\u798f\u53d6\u5411\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u8ffd\u6c42\u5feb\u4e50\u89c6\u4f5c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49, \u4ed6\u4eec\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u4f9d\u9760\u4e3b\u89c2\u611f\u53d7\u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u800c\u610f\u4e49\u53d6\u5411\u5219\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u65b9\u9762, \u4ee5\u610f\u4e49\u53d6\u5411\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5c06\u8ffd\u6c42\u610f\u4e49\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u8ffd\u6c42\u5e78\u798f, \u4ed6\u4eec\u4f9d\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u4e8b\u7269\u4ef7\u503c\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\u6307\u5411\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
Baumeister\u7b49(2013)\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u90a3\u4e9b\u91cd\u89c6\u610f\u4e49\u800c\u975e\u5f53\u4e0b\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u4ece\u4e8b\u8270\u5de8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c, \u4ed6\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u4ed8\u51fa\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u6311\u6218, \u80fd\u6b63\u89c6\u632b\u6298\u548c\u5931\u8d25, \u5e76\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5904\u7406\u6d88\u6781\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u8d77\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53d7\u8005, \u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed8\u51fa\u8005\u53bb\u7167\u987e\u548c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eba, \u4e5f\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u6709\u76ca\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u610f\u4e49\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9677\u4e8e\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\u548c\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3, \u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u770b\u91cd\u53d1\u6325\u81ea\u6211\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4, \u5e78\u798f\u6e90\u4e8e\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eba, \u8ffd\u6c42\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d, \u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4eba\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a, \u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5168\u4eba\u6559\u80b2(Holistic Education)\u5148\u9a71Ron Miller\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u7684\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u6559\u4eba\u611f\u609f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5e76\u4f7f\u5176\u8fc7\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u751f\u6d3b(Mahmoudi, Jafari, Nasrabadi, & Liaghatdar, 2012)\u3002\u660e\u786e\u3001\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4eba\u66f4\u52a0\u5e78\u798f\u548c\u6210\u529f; \u53cd\u4e4b, \u5f53\u7f3a\u5931\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u65f6, \u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5c06\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u6df7\u4e71, \u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u5931\u53bb\u81ea\u6211\u6210\u957f\u7684\u52a8\u529b, \u611f\u5230\u7a7a\u865a, \u6ca1\u6709\u65b9\u5411\u611f, \u5e76\u4f34\u6709\u65e0\u529b\u611f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4eba\u6d88\u6781\u5730\u5bf9\u5f85\u751f\u6d3b, \u4ea7\u751f\u6291\u90c1\u3001\u7126\u8651\u7b49\u5fc3\u7406\u95ee\u9898, \u751a\u81f3\u8bf1\u53d1\u53cd\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u81ea\u6215\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64, \u7814\u7a76\u8005\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u4eec\u8981\u91cd\u89c6\u610f\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u610f\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u7ec8\u751f\u6559\u80b2, \u5404\u4e2a\u5e74\u9f84\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u4e34\u610f\u4e49\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u6311\u6218, \u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u548c\u5f15\u5bfc\u3002\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u4e2d, \u6559\u5e08\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5236\u5b9a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u8ba1\u5212\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6811\u7acb\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u957f\u8fdc\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807, \u5f15\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u89c2\u548c\u4eba\u751f\u89c2, \u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e, \u4eba\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u5feb\u4e50\u548c\u6ee1\u8db3\u800c\u6d3b, \u4eba\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e8b\u7269\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u4ef7\u503c, \u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8ffd\u6c42\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ef7\u503c\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u5e78\u798f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7a0b\u660e\u660e, \u6a0a\u5bcc\u73c9. (2010). \u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u53d6\u5411\u4e0e\u6d4b\u91cf. \u5fc3\u7406\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2<\/em>, 26<\/em>(4), 431\u2013437.<\/p>\n \u5218\u601d\u65af, \u7518\u6021\u7fa4. (2010). \u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u611f\u91cf\u8868\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u6548\u5ea6. \u4e2d\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u536b\u751f\u6742\u5fd7<\/em>, 24<\/em>(6), 478\u2013482.<\/p>\n \u738b\u5b5f\u6210, \u6234\u6653\u9633. (2008). \u4e2d\u6587\u4eba\u751f\u610f\u4e49\u95ee\u5377(C-MLQ)\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u4e2d\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6027. \u4e2d\u56fd\u4e34\u5e8a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7<\/em>, 16<\/em>(5), 459\u2013461.<\/p>\n \u5f20\u59dd\u73a5, \u8bb8\u71d5, \u6768\u6d69\u94ff. (2010). \u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u3001\u6d4b\u91cf\u53ca\u529f\u80fd. \u5fc3\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u5c55<\/em>, 18<\/em>(11), 1756\u20131761.<\/p>\n \u6731\u6d77\u817e, \u59da\u5c0f\u96ea. (2015). \u5927\u5b66\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u6291\u90c1: \u4ea4\u4e92\u6548\u5e94\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4ecb\u6548\u5e94. \u5fc3\u7406\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2<\/em>, 31<\/em>(4), 475\u2013484.<\/p>\n Baumeister, R. F. (1991). Meanings of life<\/em>. New York: Guilford.<\/p>\n Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., Aaker, J. L., & Garbinsky, E. N. (2013). Some key differences between a happy life and a meaningful life. The Journal of Positive Psychology<\/em>, 8<\/em>(6), 505\u2013516.<\/p>\n Cohen, K., & Cairns, D. (2012). Is searching for meaning in life associated with reduced subjective well-being? Confirmation and possible moderators. Journal of Happiness <\/em>Studies<\/em>, 13<\/em>(2), 313\u2013331.<\/p>\n Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. 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