{"id":382,"date":"2017-02-05T01:01:29","date_gmt":"2017-02-04T17:01:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.beneplot.com\/?p=382"},"modified":"2020-07-23T14:48:26","modified_gmt":"2020-07-23T06:48:26","slug":"%e4%b8%8d%e5%90%8c%e5%a4%9a%e7%ba%a7irt%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b-polytomous-irt-models-%e7%9a%84%e5%8c%ba%e5%88%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.beneplot.com\/?p=382","title":{"rendered":"\u4e0d\u540c\u591a\u7ea7IRT\u6a21\u578b (Polytomous IRT Models) \u7684\u533a\u522b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u5728IRT\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684<strong>\u591a\u7ea7\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><strong>(Polytomous Models)<\/strong>\uff0c<strong>\u591a\u7ea7\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\u6307\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7531\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba1\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u9879\u76ee(item)\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u91cf\u8868\u6216\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u5e94\u7528\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684<strong>\u591a\u7ea7\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\u6709\uff1aGeoff Masters\u548cWright(1982)\u5f00\u53d1\u7684<strong>\u5206\u90e8\u8bc4\u5206\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><strong>(Partial Credit Rasch Model<\/strong><strong>\uff0c<\/strong><strong>PCM)<\/strong>\uff0cAndersen(1977)\u548cDavid Andrich(1978)\u5f00\u53d1\u7684<strong>\u8bc4\u5206\u91cf\u8868\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><strong>(Rating Scale Model<\/strong><strong>\uff0c<\/strong><strong>RSM)<\/strong>\uff0cSamejima(1969)\u63d0\u51fa\u7684<strong>\u7b49\u7ea7\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><strong>(Graded Response Model<\/strong><strong>\uff0c<\/strong><strong>GRM)<\/strong>\u548cMuraki(1992)\u63d0\u51fa\u7684<strong>\u62d3\u5e7f\u5206\u90e8\u8bc4\u5206\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><strong>(Generalized Partial Credit Model<\/strong><strong>\uff0c<\/strong><strong>GPCM)<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u5728<strong>\u5206\u90e8\u8bc4\u5206\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><strong>(PCM)<\/strong>\u4e2d\uff0c\u9879\u76ee(item)\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bc4\u5206\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee(item)\u5728\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u8ba1\u5206\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8005(person)\u7684\u4f5c\u7b54\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u786e\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5168\u9519\u8bef\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002<strong>PCM\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5982<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>\u7b49\u5f0f\u4e00<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-748\" src=\"https:\/\/www.beneplot.com\/?attachment_id=748\" alt=\"\" width=\"472\" height=\"71\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u5728\u7b49\u5f0f\u4e00\u4e2d\uff0c<strong>P{<\/strong><strong>\ud835\udc4b<sub>\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc56 <\/sub><\/strong><strong>= x<\/strong><strong>\u2208<\/strong><strong>{0,1,2\u2026<\/strong><strong>\ud835\udc5a<sub>\ud835\udc56<\/sub><\/strong><strong>}} <\/strong>\u8868\u793a\u4e2a\u4f53n\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u9879\u76eei\u65f6\u5f97X\u5206\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c<strong>\ud835\udc5a<sub>\ud835\udc56 <\/sub><\/strong>\u8868\u793a\u9879\u76eei\u7684<strong>\u6700\u9ad8\u5206\u4e3a<\/strong><strong>m<\/strong>\uff0c<strong>\u03b8<sub>n <\/sub><\/strong>\u8868\u793a\u4e2a\u4f53n\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u503c\uff0c<strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58<\/sub><\/strong> \u8868\u793a\u9879\u76eei\u5728\u7b2ck\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u4e0a\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u9879\u76eei\u7684\u8ba1\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u5171\u6709<strong>m+1<\/strong><strong>\u7c7b<\/strong>\uff0c<strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58 <\/sub><\/strong>\u6709<strong>k<\/strong>\u4e2a\ud835\udeff\u503c\uff0c\u4e14<strong>k=m<\/strong>\u3002\u5728PCM\u4e2d\uff0c<strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58 <\/sub><\/strong>\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<strong>\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570<\/strong>\u6216<strong>\u7c7b\u522b\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><strong>(Category Parameter)<\/strong>\u3002<strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58 <\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0\u662f<strong>X = k<\/strong>\u7684\u6982\u7387\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0e<strong>X=k-1<\/strong>\u7684\u6982\u7387\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684<strong>\u4ea4\u70b9<\/strong>\u3002\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u662f\uff1a\u5728<strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58 <\/sub><\/strong>\u503c\u4e0a\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8005\u5f97 k\u5206\u548c\u5f97k-1\u5206\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f<\/strong>\uff0cPCM\u8981\u6c42\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee(item)\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8bc4\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u4e0a\u4f5c\u7b54(response)\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fc7\u5c11\uff0c<strong>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bc4\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u81f3\u5c11\u9700\u8981<\/strong><strong>10<\/strong><strong>\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4f5c\u7b54<\/strong><strong>(response)<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u65e6\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bc4\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u4f5c\u7b54\u8fc7\u5c11\u6216\u662f\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u626d\u66f2\u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u626d\u66f2\u60c5\u5f62\u662f\uff1a<strong>\u4f4e\u8bc4\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u7684<\/strong><strong>\ud835\udeff<\/strong><strong>\u503c\u8981\u5927\u4e8e\u9ad8\u7c7b\u522b\u7684<\/strong><strong>\ud835\udeff<\/strong><strong>\u503c\uff0c\u5373\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58<\/sub> &lt; \ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58-1<\/sub>\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u5728PCM\u4e2d\uff0c<strong>\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06<\/strong> <strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56 <\/sub><\/strong><strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9879\u76ee<\/strong><strong>i<\/strong><strong>\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u96be\u5ea6\u503c(Item Difficulty)<\/strong>\uff0c<strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56 <\/sub><\/strong>\u662f<strong>X=0<\/strong>\u7684\u6982\u7387\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0e<strong>X=m<\/strong>\u7684\u6982\u7387\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u4ea4\u70b9\uff0c<strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56<\/sub> = \u2211\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58 <\/sub>\/ k <\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u82e5\u8bbe\u5b9a <strong>\ud835\udf0f<\/strong><strong><sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58<\/sub><\/strong> \u4e3a <strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56<\/sub><\/strong> \u4e0e <strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58<\/sub><\/strong> \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u5219\u6709<strong>\ud835\udf0f<\/strong><strong><sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58<\/sub><\/strong><strong> = <\/strong><strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56<\/sub><\/strong><strong> \u2212 <\/strong><strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58<\/sub><\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u9879\u76eei\u4e2d\uff0c<strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58 <\/sub><\/strong>\u6709k\u4e2a\ud835\udeff\u503c\uff0c<strong>\ud835\udf0f<\/strong><strong><sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58<\/sub><\/strong>\u4e5f\u6709k\u4e2a<strong>\ud835\udf0f<\/strong>\u503c\u3002\u5728PCM\u4e2d\uff0c<strong>\ud835\udf0f<\/strong><strong><sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58 <\/sub><\/strong>\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<strong>\u6b65\u9aa4\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><strong>(Step Parameter)<\/strong>\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u90e8\u5206\u8bc4\u5206\u7c7b\u522b <strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58<\/sub><\/strong> \u4e0e\u9879\u76ee\u96be\u5ea6\u503c\u00a0<strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56<\/sub><\/strong> \u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u4e14<strong> \u03a3\ud835\udf0f<sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58\u00a0<\/sub> = 0 \u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u591a\u6570IRT\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5728\u8fdb\u884cPCM\u5206\u6790\u65f6\u4e3b\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u679c\u5373\u4e3a <strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58<\/sub><\/strong> \u503c\u3001 <strong>\ud835\udf0f<\/strong><strong><sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58<\/sub><\/strong> \u503c\u6216 <strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56<\/sub><\/strong> \u503c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58<\/sub><\/strong> \u503c\u6216 <strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56<\/sub><\/strong> \u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u503c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u592a\u6070\u5f53\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a<strong>\u90e8\u5206\u8bc4\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u6982\u7387\u66f2\u7ebf\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u6837\u672c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6982\u7387\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u4ea4\u70b9\u4e0e\u8ddd\u79bb\u786e\u5b9a\u7684<\/strong> <strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58<\/sub><\/strong> <strong>\u503c\u548c<\/strong> <strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56<\/sub><\/strong> <strong>\u503c\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<strong>\u745f\u65af\u987f\u9608\u503c<\/strong><strong>(Thurstonian Thresholds)<\/strong>\u6216\u662f<strong>\u671f\u671b\u503c<\/strong><strong>(Expected Scores)<\/strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9879\u76ee\u96be\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<strong>\u745f\u65af\u987f\u9608\u503c<\/strong><strong>(<\/strong><strong>\u4ee5<\/strong><strong>\u03b3<\/strong><strong>\u8868\u793a<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><strong>\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a<\/strong>\uff1a<strong>\u6709<\/strong><strong>50%<\/strong><strong>\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8fbe\u5230\u6216\u8d85\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bc4\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u503c<\/strong>\u3002\u5728PCM\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u9608\u503c\u90fd\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c<strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8005<\/strong><strong>(person)<\/strong><strong>\u5f97<\/strong><strong>k<\/strong><strong>\u5206\u7684\u745f\u65af\u987f\u9608\u503c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5927\u4e8e\u5f97<\/strong><strong>k-1<\/strong><strong>\u5206\u7684\u9608\u503c<\/strong>\u3002\u82e5\u9879\u76eei\u7684\u8ba1\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u5171\u6709m+1\u7c7b\uff0c\u5219\u6709m\u4e2a\u03b3\u503c\u3002<strong>\u4e24\u7ea7\u8ba1\u5206\u9879\u76ee<\/strong><strong>(dichotomous item)<\/strong><strong>\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u503c\u548c\u745f\u65af\u987f\u9608\u503c\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5728\u6570\u503c\u4e0a\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u90fd\u76f8\u540c<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>\u8bc4\u5206\u91cf\u8868\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><strong>(Rating Scale Model<\/strong><strong>\uff0c<\/strong><strong>RSM)<\/strong><strong>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u9053\u9898<\/strong><strong>(item)<\/strong><strong>\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bc4\u5206\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u91cf\u8868<\/strong><strong>(scale)<\/strong><strong>\u6216\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><strong>(test)<\/strong><strong>\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba<\/strong><strong>(person)<\/strong><strong>\u5728\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u9898\u4f5c\u7b54\u65f6\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u540c\u6837\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u9009\u9879\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u7b49\u5f0f\u4e8c\u4e3a\u8bc4\u5206\u91cf\u8868\u6a21\u578b(RSM)\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5404\u7c7b\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u57fa\u672c\u4e0e\u7b49\u5f0f\u4e00\u76f8\u540c\u3002<strong>\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e<\/strong>\uff0c\u7b49\u5f0f\u4e00\u4e2d \ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58<\/sub> \u4e3a\u9879\u76eei\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bc4\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6b65\u9aa4\u53c2\u6570 <strong>\ud835\udf0f<\/strong><strong><sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58<\/sub><\/strong> \u4f1a\u968f\u8bc4\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u7b49\u5f0f\u4e8c\u4e2d\uff0c<strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56<\/sub><\/strong> \u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u503c\uff0c<strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56<\/sub><\/strong><strong> = \u2211<\/strong><strong>\ud835\udeff<sub>\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc58<\/sub><\/strong> <strong>\/ k\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\uff0c<\/strong>\u662f\u9879\u76eei\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u6b65\u9aa4\u53c2\u6570 <strong>\ud835\udf0f<\/strong><strong><sub>\ud835\udc58<\/sub><\/strong> \u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5373<strong>\u5728<\/strong><strong>RSM<\/strong><strong>\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u9053\u9898<\/strong><strong>(item)<\/strong><strong>\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><strong>(<\/strong><strong>\ud835\udf0f<\/strong><strong><sub>\ud835\udc58<\/sub><\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><strong>\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c<strong>RSM<\/strong><strong>\u662f<\/strong><strong>PCM<\/strong><strong>\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u7b49\u5f0f\u4e8c\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-748\" src=\"https:\/\/www.beneplot.com\/?attachment_id=749\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"64\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>\u674e\u514b\u7279\u91cf\u8868\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684<\/strong><strong>RSM<\/strong><strong>\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9898\u76ee\u7684\u4f5c\u7b54\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u201c\u975e\u5e38\u540c\u610f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u540c\u610f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u201d\u4e94\u7c7b\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u8bc4\u5206\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u5b9a\u76f8\u7b26\uff0cRSM\u5bf9\u6837\u672c(sample)\u548c\u91cf\u8868(scale)\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u4e5f\u6709\u8981\u6c42\uff0c<strong>RSM<\/strong><strong>\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5dee\u5f02\u663e\u8457\u7684\u9898\u7ec4<\/strong><strong>(subset)<\/strong><strong>\u6784\u6210\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6216\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5dee\u5f02\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5b50\u6837\u672c<\/strong><strong>(subsample)<\/strong><strong>\u6784\u6210\u7684\u6837\u672c<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u5bf9\u4e00\u5957\u6709N\u9053\u9898(\u8bc4\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u4e3aM)\u7684\u91cf\u8868\uff0cPCM\u4f1a\u4f30\u8ba1\u51faN*M\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u800cRSM\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4f30\u8ba1N+M\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u591a\u5be1\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u770b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u5957\u91cf\u8868\u6216\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u9053\u9898\u90fd\u5b8c\u5168\u6ee1\u8db3\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u53c2\u6570(<strong>\ud835\udf0f<\/strong><strong><sub>\ud835\udc58<\/sub><\/strong>)\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdd\u80ccPCM\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528PCM\u66ff\u6362RSM\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4f30\u8ba1\u5f80\u5f80\u610f\u5473\u7740\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6bcf\u9053\u9898\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u53c2\u6570(<strong>\ud835\udf0f<\/strong><strong><sub>\ud835\udc58<\/sub><\/strong>)\u90fd\u56fa\u5b9a\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u67d0\u8bc4\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u4e0a\u4f5c\u7b54(response)\u6570\u91cf\u8fc7\u5c11\u6216\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4PCM\uff0cRSM\u80fd\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0cPCM\u548cRSM\u867d\u5404\u6709\u5176\u9002\u7528\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u76f8\u4e92\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u800c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u9009\u62e9\u8fd8\u9700\u4f9d\u636e\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>\u7b49\u7ea7\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u578b(Graded Response Model\uff0cGRM)\u548c\u62d3\u5e7f\u5206\u90e8\u8bc4\u5206\u6a21\u578b(Generalized Partial Credit Model\uff0cGPCM)<\/strong>\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e7f\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u591a\u7ea7\u8ba1\u5206\u6a21\u578b\u3002<strong>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f<\/strong>\uff0c<strong>GPCM<\/strong><strong>\u548c<\/strong><strong>GRM<\/strong><strong>\u90fd\u662f\u5305\u542b\u533a\u5206\u5ea6\u7684\u4e24\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u800c<\/strong><strong>PCM<\/strong><strong>\u548c<\/strong><strong>RSM<\/strong><strong>\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5355\u53c2\u6570\u7684<\/strong><strong>Rasch<\/strong><strong>\u6d41\u6d3e\u7684\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>GPCM<\/strong><strong>\u4e0e<\/strong><strong>PCM<\/strong><strong>\u6700\u663e\u8457\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a<\/strong>\u5b83\u6bd4PCM\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5206\u5ea6\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>GRM<\/strong><strong>\u4e0e<\/strong><strong>PCM<\/strong><strong>\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a<\/strong>PCM\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4f30\u8ba1\u6e90\u81ea\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e34\u8fd1\u8ba1\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800cGRM\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4f30\u8ba1\u5219\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u9879\u76ee\u6574\u4f53\u591a\u4e2a\u8bc4\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\u6982\u7387\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728PCM\u4e2d\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u4e0d\u540c\u8bc4\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u7684 \ud835\udeff \u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u4f46\u5728GRM\u4e2d\uff0c\ud835\udeff \u503c\u5177\u6709\u5355\u8c03\u9012\u589e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u8bc4\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\ud835\udeff\u503c\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>END<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728IRT\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u591a\u7ea7\u6a21\u578b(Polytomous Models)\uff0c\u591a\u7ea7\u6a21\u578b\u6307\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7531\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba1\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u9879 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v14.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"googlebot\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"bingbot\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.beneplot.com\/?p=382\" 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