{"id":516,"date":"2017-02-07T12:35:06","date_gmt":"2017-02-07T04:35:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.beneplot.com\/?p=516"},"modified":"2020-07-23T13:09:36","modified_gmt":"2020-07-23T05:09:36","slug":"irt%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e8%83%bd%e5%8a%9b%e5%80%bc%e5%92%8c%e9%9a%be%e5%ba%a6%e5%80%bc%e6%98%af%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e7%9a%84%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.beneplot.com\/?p=516","title":{"rendered":"IRT\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u503c\u548c\u96be\u5ea6\u503c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u9879\u76ee\u53cd\u5e94\u7406\u8bba(IRT)\u4e2d\u7684Rasch\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u91ca\u4e86\u57280,1\u8ba1\u5206\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u529b\u503c\u548c\u96be\u5ea6\u503c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6c42\u89e3\u7684\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u7b54\u77e9\u9635\u6c42\u521d\u59cb\u9898\u76ee\u96be\u5ea6\u503c\u548c\u4eba\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u4ee5\u6c42A\u4eba\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u503c\u4e3a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u672a\u4f5c\u7b54\u9898\u76ee1\uff0c\u5176<strong>\u7b54\u5bf9\u7387P = 8\/9 = 0.89<\/strong>\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u7b54\u5bf9\u7387P\u8fdb\u884c<strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u5bf9\u6570<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><strong>\u8f6c\u5316<\/strong>\u6c42IRT\u521d\u59cb\u80fd\u529b\u503c\uff0c\u5373\uff1a<strong>\u80fd\u529b\u503c <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><strong>= ln(p\/(1-p)) = ln(0.89\/(1-0.89)) = 2.08<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ee5\u6c42\u9898\u76ee1\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u503c\u4e3a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u9898\u76ee1\u7684\u4f5c\u7b54\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u5176\u6b63\u786e\u7387P = 7\/8 \u2248 0.88\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u6b63\u786e\u7387P\u8fdb\u884c<strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u5bf9\u6570<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><strong>\u8f6c\u5316<\/strong>\u6c42IRT\u521d\u59cb\u96be\u5ea6\u503c\uff0c\u5373\uff1a<strong>\u96be\u5ea6\u503c <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><strong>= ln(<\/strong><\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">(1-p)\/<\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">p) = ln((1-0.88)\/0.88) = -1.95<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4f7f\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u9898\u76ee\u96be\u5ea6\u5747\u503c\u4e3a0\uff0c\u9700\u5bf9\u6240\u6c42\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u96be\u5ea6\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u5747\u503c\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u5373\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5148\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u9898\u76ee\u96be\u5ea6\u7684\u5747\u503c <strong>= mean(\u6240\u6709\u9898\u76ee\u521d\u59cb\u96be\u5ea6\u503c) = -0.51<\/strong>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528<strong>\u6bcf\u9053\u9898\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u96be\u5ea6\u503c\u51cf\u53bb\u6240\u6709\u9898\u76ee\u96be\u5ea6\u7684\u5747\u503c\u5f97\u5230\u8c03\u6574\u540e\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u503c<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c42\u9898\u76ee1\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a<strong>\u8c03\u6574\u540e\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u96be\u5ea6 = -1.95 &#8211; (-0.51) = -1.44<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u610f\uff01\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u9898\u76ee\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u7387\u662f0%\u6216100%\uff0c\u6216\u67d0\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7b54\u5bf9\u7387\u662f0%\u6216100%\uff0c\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u5168\u5bf9\u6216\u5168\u9519\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d4b\u91cf\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4ece\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6307\u6570\u8f6c\u5316\u65f6\uff0cp=0\u6216p=1\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<table width=\"817\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"175\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"57\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"95\"><strong>\u7b54\u5bf9\u7387P<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"112\"><strong>\u80fd\u529b\u503c(Logit)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>A\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u7f3a\u5931<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.89<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>B\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.80<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.39<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>C\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.70<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.85<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>D\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.70<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.85<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>E\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.70<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.85<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>F\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.60<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.41<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>G\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.50<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>H\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.30<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.85<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>I\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.20<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.39<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u6b63\u786e\u7387P<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.88<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.89<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.89<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.89<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.78<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.67<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.33<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.44<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td><strong>0.46<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u9898\u76ee\u96be\u5ea6(Logit)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.95<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-2.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-2.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-2.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.69<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.69<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.22<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.51<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u8c03\u6574\u540e\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u96be\u5ea6(Logit)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.44<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.57<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.57<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.57<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.75<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.19<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.20<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.73<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2.58<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2.58<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u8fed\u4ee3<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u5f97\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u66f4\u52a0\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c<strong>\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u7406\u8bba\u671f\u671b\u503c\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u89c2\u5bdf\u503c\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u51cf\u5c0f<\/strong>\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u6d89\u53ca\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f<strong>\u6c42\u671f\u671b\u503c\u3001\u6c42\u671f\u671b\u503c\u65b9\u5dee\u3001\u6c42\u6b8b\u5dee<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9996\u5148\uff1a\u6c42\u671f\u671b\u503c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Rasch\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1aP = EXP(\u80fd\u529b\u503c &#8211; \u96be\u5ea6\u503c) \/ (1 + EXP(\u80fd\u529b\u503c &#8211; \u96be\u5ea6\u503c))<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u5f97<strong>A\u4eba\u4f5c\u7b54\u9898\u76ee1\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c = EXP(2.08 &#8211; (-1.44)) \/ (1 + EXP(2.08 &#8211; (-1.44))) = EXP(3.52) \/ (1 + EXP(3.52)) = 33.8 \/ 34.8 = 0.97<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f9d\u7167\u6b64\u6cd5\u6c42\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u671f\u671b\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<table width=\"610\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"175\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"57\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee10<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>A\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.97<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.97<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.97<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.97<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.94<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.91<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.71<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.79<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.38<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.38<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>B\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.94<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.95<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.95<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.95<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.89<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.83<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.55<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.66<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>C\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.91<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.92<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.92<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.92<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.83<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.74<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.41<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.53<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.15<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.15<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>D\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.91<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.92<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.92<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.92<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.83<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.74<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.41<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.53<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.15<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.15<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>E\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.91<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.92<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.92<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.92<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.83<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.74<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.41<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.53<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.15<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.15<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>F\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.86<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.88<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.88<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.88<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.76<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.64<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.31<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.42<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.10<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>G\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.81<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.83<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.83<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.83<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.68<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.55<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.33<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>H\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.64<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.67<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.67<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.67<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.48<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.34<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.17<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>I\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.51<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.55<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.55<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.55<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.35<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u5176\u6b21\uff1a\u6c42\u671f\u671b\u503c\u65b9\u5dee\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u671f\u671b\u503c\u65b9\u5dee = \u671f\u671b\u503c * (1 &#8211; \u671f\u671b\u503c)<\/strong>\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5373<strong>A\u4eba\u4f5c\u7b54\u9898\u76ee1\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c\u65b9\u5dee = 0.97 * 0.03 \u2248 0.03\uff0c<\/strong>\u4f9d\u7167\u6b64\u6cd5\u6c42\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u671f\u671b\u503c\u65b9\u5dee<strong>\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636eIRT\u4e2d<strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.beneplot.com\/?p=289\">\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\u53ef\u77e5\uff1a<strong>\u9898\u76ee\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c\u65b9\u5dee\u7b49\u4e8e\u9898\u76ee\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u8bef\u5dee\u8d8a\u5c0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u67d0\u4e2a\u9898\u76ee\u6216\u67d0\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u9700\u7528 (-1) * (\u6240\u6709\u671f\u671b\u503c\u65b9\u5dee\u7684\u548c) \u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u610f\uff01IRT\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u5dee\u4e0eCTT\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u5dee\u4e92\u4e3a\u5012\u6570\uff0c\u5728CTT\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b9\u5dee\u8d8a\u5927\u8868\u660e\u8bef\u5dee\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5728IRT\u4e2d\u5219\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"945\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"358\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"167\"><strong>(-1)*(\u5bf9\u5e94\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9898\u76ee\u671f\u671b\u503c\u65b9\u5dee\u7684\u548c)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>A\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.05<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.21<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.16<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>B\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.05<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.05<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.05<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.05<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.14<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.22<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.18<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.18<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.26<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>C\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.14<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.19<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.24<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.13<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.13<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.39<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>D\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.14<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.19<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.24<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.13<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.13<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.39<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>E\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.14<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.19<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.24<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.13<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.13<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.39<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>F\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.12<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.18<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.21<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.24<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.49<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>G\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.15<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.14<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.14<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.14<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.22<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.18<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.22<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.58<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>H\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.22<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.22<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.22<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.22<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.14<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.67<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>I\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.18<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.59<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>(-1)*(\u5bf9\u5e94\u5217\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u671f\u671b\u503c\u65b9\u5dee\u7684\u548c)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.44<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.69<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.74<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.84<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u6700\u540e\uff1a\u6c42\u6b8b\u5dee\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b8b\u5dee =\u00a0<\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u5b9e\u9645\u89c2\u5bdf\u503c<\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">(\u5373\u539f\u59cb<\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u4f5c\u7b54\u5f97\u5206<\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">) <\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">&#8211; \u671f\u671b\u503c<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\uff1aA\u4eba\u4f5c\u7b54\u9898\u76ee2\u5f97\u5230\u4e861\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u671f\u671b\u503c\u4e3a0.97\uff0c<strong>\u5373\u6b8b\u5dee = 1 &#8211; 0.97 = 0.03\u3002<\/strong>\u518d\u5982\uff1aA\u4eba\u4f5c\u7b54\u9898\u76ee9\u5f970\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u671f\u671b\u503c\u4e3a0.38\uff0c<strong>\u5373\u6b8b\u5dee = 0 &#8211; 0.38 = -0.38\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u6c42\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u540e\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u503c\u548c\u96be\u5ea6\u503c\uff0c<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u540e\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u503c = \u521d\u59cb\u80fd\u529b\u503c &#8211; \u6b8b\u5dee\u548c \/ (-1)*(\u5bf9\u5e94\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9898\u76ee\u671f\u671b\u503c\u65b9\u5dee\u7684\u548c)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u6c42A\u4eba\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u503c\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1aA\u4eba\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u540e\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u503c = 2.08 &#8211; (0.97 \/ ((-1) * 1.08)) = 2.98\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u540e\u7684\u96be\u5ea6 = \u521d\u59cb\u8c03\u6574\u540e\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u503c &#8211; \u6b8b\u5dee\u548c \/ ((-1)*(\u5bf9\u5e94\u5217\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u671f\u671b\u503c\u65b9\u5dee\u7684\u548c))<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u6c42\u9898\u76ee1\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u503c\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a\u9898\u76ee1\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u540e\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u503c = -1.44 &#8211; (-0.5 \/ ((-1) * (1.08))) = -1.903\uff0c<strong>\u8c03\u6574\u540e\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u96be\u5ea6 = -1.903 &#8211; (-0.136) = -1.77\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" width=\"1213\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1475%;\" width=\"471\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\" width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\" width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\" width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\" width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\" width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\" width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\" width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\" width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\" width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\" width=\"57\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.17308%;\" width=\"104\"><strong>\u6b8b\u5dee\u548c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.7372%;\" width=\"203\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u540e\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u503c<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1475%;\"><strong>A\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>\u7f3a\u5931<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.06<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.29<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.21<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.38<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>0.62<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.17308%;\"><strong>0.97<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.7372%;\"><strong>2.98<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1475%;\"><strong>B\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>0.06<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.05<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.05<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.05<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.17<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.45<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.66<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.77<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>-0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.17308%;\"><strong>0.81<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.7372%;\"><strong>2.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1475%;\"><strong>C\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>0.09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.17<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.26<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.41<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.47<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.15<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>-0.15<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.17308%;\"><strong>0.53<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.7372%;\"><strong>1.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1475%;\"><strong>D\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>0.09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.17<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.26<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.41<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.47<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.15<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>-0.15<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.17308%;\"><strong>0.53<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.7372%;\"><strong>1.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1475%;\"><strong>E\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>0.09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.17<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.26<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.41<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.47<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.15<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>-0.15<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.17308%;\"><strong>0.53<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.7372%;\"><strong>1.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1475%;\"><strong>F\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>0.14<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.12<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.12<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.12<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.24<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.64<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.69<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.42<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>-0.10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.17308%;\"><strong>0.16<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.7372%;\"><strong>0.51<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1475%;\"><strong>G\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>0.19<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.17<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.17<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.17<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.68<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.45<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.33<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>-0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.17308%;\"><strong>-0.22<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.7372%;\"><strong>-0.14<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1475%;\"><strong>H\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>0.36<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.67<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.33<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.67<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.52<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.34<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.17<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>-0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.17308%;\"><strong>-0.83<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.7372%;\"><strong>-1.35<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1475%;\"><strong>I\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>-0.51<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.45<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.55<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.45<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.35<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>-0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.17308%;\"><strong>-0.95<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.7372%;\"><strong>-1.98<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1475%;\"><strong>\u6b8b\u5dee\u548c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>-0.50<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.39<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.39<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.39<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.41<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.29<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.22<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.28<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>0.28<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.17308%;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\"><strong>4.09<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.7372%;\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1475%;\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u540e\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u503c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>-1.90<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-1.96<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-1.96<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-1.96<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-1.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.36<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>1.33<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.76<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>2.86<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>2.86<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.17308%;\"><strong>-0.136<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.7372%;\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1475%;\"><strong>\u8c03\u6574\u540e\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u96be\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>-1.77<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-1.82<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-1.82<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-1.82<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.89<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>-0.22<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>1.46<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>0.90<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.57051%;\"><strong>3.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.05128%;\"><strong>3.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.17308%;\"><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.7372%;\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u7b2c1\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f9d\u636e\u7b2c1\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u503c\u548c\u96be\u5ea6\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u7b2c2\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3&#8230;&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u964d\u4f4e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f5c\u7b54\u7684\u6b8b\u5dee\u548c\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u548c<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<strong>\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u8be5\u503c\u6709\u5173<\/strong>\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u503c\u7b49\u4e8e<strong>4.09<\/strong> = ((0.97^2) + (0.81^2)) + &#8230; + (((-0.83)^2) + ((-0.95)^2))\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u672c\u4f8b\u5171\u8fdb\u884c\u4e869\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c8\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f5c\u7b54\u7684\u6b8b\u5dee\u548c\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u548c\u5df2\u964d\u52300.02\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c9\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u503c\u4f9d\u65e7\u4e3a0.02\u3002\u7531\u4e8e0.02\u503c\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e14\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u7ee7\u7eed\u964d\u4f4e\u8be5\u503c\uff0c<\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u505c\u6b62\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u5c06<strong>\u7b2c9\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u503c\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6700\u7ec8\u8fed\u4ee3(\u5373\u7b2c9\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\uff09\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c9\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u671f\u671b\u503c\u77e9\u9635\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"919\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"471\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td width=\"55\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"57\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee10<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>A\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.99<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.91<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.96<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.55<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.55<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>B\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.99<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.97<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.70<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.84<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>C\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.99<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.99<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.99<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.99<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.96<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.89<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.40<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.59<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>D\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.99<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.99<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.99<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.99<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.96<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.89<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.40<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.59<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>E\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.99<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.99<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.99<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.99<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.96<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.89<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.40<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.59<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>F\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.97<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.97<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.97<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.97<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.89<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.71<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.16<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.30<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>G\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.91<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.91<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.91<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.91<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.72<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.45<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.06<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.12<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>H\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.65<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.65<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.65<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.65<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.31<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.12<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>I\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.46<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.46<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.46<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.46<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.17<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.06<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c9\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u671f\u671b\u503c\u65b9\u5dee\u77e9\u9635\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"945\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"358\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"167\"><strong>(-1)*(\u5bf9\u5e94\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9898\u76ee\u671f\u671b\u503c\u65b9\u5dee\u7684\u548c)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"358\"><strong>A\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.04<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.63<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"358\"><strong>B\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.21<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.13<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.18<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.18<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.74<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"358\"><strong>C\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.24<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.24<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.78<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"358\"><strong>D\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.24<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.24<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.78<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"358\"><strong>E\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.24<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.24<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.78<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"358\"><strong>F\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.20<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.13<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.21<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.81<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"358\"><strong>G\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.20<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.05<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.94<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"358\"><strong>H\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.21<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.27<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"358\"><strong>I\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.14<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.06<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.21<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"358\"><strong>(-1)*(\u5bf9\u5e94\u5217\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u671f\u671b\u503c\u65b9\u5dee\u7684\u548c)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.61<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.61<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.61<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.61<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.77<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.94<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.22<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.66<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.66<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c9\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b8b\u5dee\u77e9\u9635\u53ca\u6700\u7ec8\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"1226\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"471\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td width=\"55\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"42\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"57\"><strong>\u9898\u76ee10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"104\"><strong>\u6b8b\u5dee\u548c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"203\"><strong>\u6700\u7ec8\u8fed\u4ee3\u540e\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u503c(\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"471\"><strong>A\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.04<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.55<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.45<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.05<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>4.71<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"471\"><strong>B\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.30<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.84<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.77<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.05<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.29<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"471\"><strong>C\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.04<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.40<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.41<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.04<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.98<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"471\"><strong>D\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.04<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.40<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.41<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.04<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.98<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"471\"><strong>E\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.04<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.40<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.41<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.04<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.98<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"471\"><strong>F\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.71<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.84<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.30<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.71<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"471\"><strong>G\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.72<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.55<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.06<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.12<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.45<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"471\"><strong>H\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.35<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.65<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.35<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.65<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.69<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.12<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-2.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"471\"><strong>I\u4eba<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.46<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.54<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.46<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.54<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.17<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.06<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.07<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-3.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"471\"><strong>\u6b8b\u5dee\u548c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.04<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.04<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.04<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.04<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.01<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.03<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\"><strong>0.02<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"471\"><strong>\u6700\u7ec8\u8fed\u4ee3\u540e\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u503c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-2.86<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-2.86<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-2.86<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-2.86<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.42<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2.38<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.57<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>4.49<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>4.49<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.02<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"471\"><strong>\u8c03\u6574\u540e\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u96be\u5ea6(\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-2.84<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-2.84<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-2.84<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-2.84<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-1.40<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.21<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2.39<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.59<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>4.50<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>4.50<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53eb\u505a<strong>\u8054\u5408\u6700\u5927\u4f3c\u7136\u4f30\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5(Joint Maximum Likelihood Estimation algorithm, JMLE)<\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u8fed\u4ee3\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u5b9e\u9645\u89c2\u5bdf\u503c\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7406\u8bba\u503c\u7528\u6982\u7387\u503c(P)\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u67d0\u4eba\u6b63\u786e\u4f5c\u7b54\u67d0\u4e2a\u9898\u76ee\u7684<strong>\u53ef\u80fd\u6027(likelihood)<\/strong>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7406\u8bba\u503c\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u89c2\u5bdf\u503c\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5c0f\uff0c\u5f53\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6b8b\u5dee\u6700\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u4f73\u7406\u8bba\u503c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6<strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u7406\u8bba\u503c\u5728<\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u89c2\u6d4b\u503c\u63a5\u8fd1<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\uff0c\u8be5\u503c\u53c8\u79f0<\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u6700\u5927\u4f3c\u7136\u4f30\u8ba1\u503c<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rasch.org\/\">*\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6458\u81eaRasch\u7f51\u7ad9<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u9879\u76ee\u53cd\u5e94\u7406\u8bba(IRT)\u4e2d\u7684Rasch\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u91ca\u4e86\u57280,1\u8ba1\u5206\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u529b\u503c\u548c\u96be\u5ea6\u503c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6c42\u89e3\u7684 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v14.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"googlebot\" 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